Method for setting a desired operating state of a hybrid drive of a vehicle

ABSTRACT

A method of setting a setpoint operating state of a hybrid drive of a vehicle is described, where the hybrid drive includes as drive motors an internal combustion engine and at least one electric motor, and the output shafts of the drive motors are mechanically linkable to a drive train of the vehicle.  
     Provision is made so that, depending on the instantaneous power demand (signal  38 ) on the drive motors ( 10, 12 ) of the hybrid drive ( 100 ) and the instantaneous power capacity (signals  46  and  48 ) of the drive motors ( 10, 12 ) of the hybrid drive ( 100 ), an optimal crankshaft speed (signal  64 ) of the combustion engine ( 10 ) is determined, and this crankshaft speed (signal  64 ) is set by coordinated actuation of the drive motors ( 10, 12 ) of the hybrid drive ( 100 ) while maintaining the instantaneous power demands.

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for setting a setpoint operating state of a hybrid drive of a vehicle, where the hybrid drive includes as drive motors an internal combustion engine and at least one electric motor, and the output shafts of the drive motors are mechanically linkable to a drive train of the vehicle.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

[0002] Hybrid drives for vehicles are known. In the hybrid drives discussed here, an internal combustion engine is combined with at least one electric motor, so that a plurality of drive sources are available for the vehicle. Corresponding to demands made by a vehicle driver, the drive sources can feed their input torques optionally into a drive train of the vehicle. This produces in a known way, depending on concrete driving situations, various drive design possibilities, which serve in particular to improve driving convenience and to reduce energy usage, as well as to reduce the emission of pollutants.

[0003] In hybrid drives for vehicles, serial configurations, parallel configurations and mixed configurations of the combustion engine and electric motors are known. Depending on the configuration, the electric motors may be switched directly or indirectly into the drive train of the internal combustion engine. For mechanical linkage of the combustion engine and/or electric motors, it is known to configure them so that they are mechanically linkable with each other via transmissions, for example planetary gears or the like, and clutches.

[0004] In order to be able to optimally implement a driver's wish for drive power from the hybrid drive, coordinated actuation of the drive motors of the hybrid drive is necessary; as is known, this is accomplished by an engine control unit. Actuation of the drive motors may take place here on the basis of a setpoint operating state of the hybrid drive to be determined by the engine control unit. The goals in determining this setpoint operating state are in particular low fuel consumption, dynamic driving behavior of the vehicle, and low pollutant emission. A driving behavior of the vehicle is determined decisively here by the dynamic power reserve of the hybrid drive that is available at the setpoint operating states set by the engine control unit. It is known to set the setpoint operating states by controlling the combustion engine. The additional degree of freedom resulting from the additional electric drive motors is not taken into account here.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The method according to the present invention, having the features named in claim 1, has the advantage over the related art that in hybrid drives having a combustion engine and at least one electric motor, actuation of all drive motors of a hybrid drive is optimal for setting a setpoint operating state. Due to the fact that, depending on the instantaneous power demand on the drive motors of the hybrid drive and the instantaneous power capacity of the drive motors of the hybrid drive, an optimal crankshaft speed of the combustion engine is determined, and that this crankshaft speed is set by coordinated actuation of the drive motors while maintaining the power demands, it is advantageously possible to set a setpoint operating state of the hybrid drive optimally in regard to fuel consumption, dynamic driving behavior and low pollutant emission.

[0006] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides that the optimal crankshaft speed is selected from a rotational speed range which lies between an optimal crankshaft speed for economical driving operation and an optimal crankshaft speed for power-oriented driving operation. This makes it advantageously possible, when determining the optimal crankshaft speed, to select a manner of operation of the combustion engine that is especially favorable in regard to both fuel consumption and pollutant emission, while still providing optimally for a necessary dynamic driving behavior.

[0007] Additional preferred embodiments of the present invention result from the features named in the subclaims.

DRAWINGS

[0008] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be explained in greater detail below on the basis of the drawing.

[0009]FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the method according to the present invention;

[0010]FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a coordinated actuation of the hybrid drive;

[0011]FIG. 3 shows a block diagram for determining an optimal rotational speed of the combustion engine;

[0012]FIG. 4 shows characteristic curves for determining the optimal rotational speed of the combustion engine, and

[0013]FIG. 5 shows power characteristic curves of a hybrid drive.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0014]FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a detail of an engine control unit for actuating a hybrid drive of a vehicle. The hybrid drive includes a combustion engine 10 and at least one electric motor 12. These act on a drive train of the vehicle through a transmission 14.

[0015] The engine control unit includes a coordinator 16 of longitudinal motions—that is, in or counter to an imagined direction of travel of the vehicle. These longitudinal motions of the vehicle are initiated by a request from a vehicle driver, for example through an accelerator pedal 18 and a brake pedal 20. A request may also be made on the longitudinal motion of the vehicle by an automatic drive controller 22. It is possible via accelerator pedal 18 and/or brake pedal 20 and/or automatic drive controller 22 to request an acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle in the longitudinal direction, which is implemented by hybrid drive 100 or a braking device 24 of the vehicle. A coordinator 26 is provided for coordinated actuation of hybrid drive 100, that is, of the individual components of hybrid drive 100. The vehicle also includes a vehicle electrical system 28 to supply power to the electric motors 12 and other electrical components of the vehicle. A component of vehicle electrical system 28 is a vehicle battery from which the vehicle electrical system is supplied.

[0016] From accelerator pedal 18, coordinator 16 receives a signal 30 that requests a setpoint power at the output of transmission 14. From brake pedal 20, coordinator 16 receives a signal 32 that requests a setpoint torque at the wheels of the vehicle.

[0017] Finally, from automatic drive controller 22, coordinator 16 receives a signal 34 that requests a longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle. Coordinator 16 evaluates and processes signals 30, 32 and 34 and provides a signal 36 corresponding to the setpoint braking torque requested by braking system 24. Coordinator 16 also provides a signal 38 that corresponds to a setpoint drive power at the output of transmission 14 and is requested by coordinator 26 for hybrid drive 100. Corresponding to signal 38, coordinator 26 is responsible for determining the setpoint operating state of hybrid drive 100 and the resulting actuation of drive motors 10 and 12. Drive motors 10 and 12 are actuated in such a way that the setpoint drive power corresponding to signal 38 is implemented at the output of transmission 14. To this end, coordinator 26 gives combustion engine 10 a signal 40 that corresponds to a setpoint output torque of combustion engine 10. In addition, coordinator 26 gives a signal 42 to electric motor 12, or in the case of a plurality of electric motors 12, to electric motors 12, that corresponds in each case to the setpoint output torques of electric motors 12. At the same time, transmission 14 receives a signal 44 that corresponds to a setpoint gear or a setpoint transmission ratio of transmission 14.

[0018] Combustion engine 10 provides a signal 46 to coordinator 26 that corresponds to the instantaneous power capacity of combustion engine 10. Furthermore, electric motor or motors 12 provide a signal 48 to coordinator 26 that corresponds to the instantaneous power capacity of electric motors 12. These instantaneously available power capacities 46 and 48 of drive motors 10 and 12 are taken into account by coordinator 26 when providing signals 40 and 42 for the requested setpoint signals.

[0019] When providing signal 48 corresponding to the power capacity of electric motors 12, consideration is given to a signal 50 which corresponds to the instantaneous power capacity of vehicle electrical system 28, and here in particular of the vehicle battery integrated into electrical system 28. Finally, vehicle electrical system 28 provides an additional signal 52 to coordinator 26, which corresponds to the instantaneous electric power demand of additional components, ancillary units or the like, of the vehicle.

[0020] The overview in FIG. 1 makes it clear that the coordinated actuation of drive motors 10 and 12 of hybrid drive 100 by coordinator 26 is dependent on a setpoint drive power (signal 38) and the instantaneous power capacities of combustion engine 10 (signal 46) and electric drive motors 12 (signal 48) and additional power demands (signal 52) of the vehicle. This permits optimal setting of the setpoint operating state of hybrid drive 100 through consideration of the explained parameters, resulting in particular in low fuel consumption by combustion engine 10, low pollutant emission by combustion engine 10, and optimal provision of the dynamic power reserve of hybrid drive 100.

[0021]FIG. 2 shows a more detailed block diagram of coordinator 26 for hybrid drive 100. Here signals 38 and 52 are fed to a summing element 54, which provides a signal 56 corresponding to the setpoint power of hybrid drive 100. This signal 56 is fed to an actuator 58 for electric motors 12, which uses it to provide signal 42. Signal 56 is also fed to an actuator 60, which provides signal 40 in each instance for the setpoint torque of combustion engine 10. Finally, signal 56 is fed to an arithmetic block 62, which determines the setpoint operating state of hybrid drive 100. The setpoint operating state of hybrid drive 100 is represented by an optimal crankshaft speed of combustion engine 10, which is fed as signal 64 to an arithmetic block 66, which provides signal 44 to transmission 14 corresponding to a setpoint gear or setpoint transmission ratio of transmission 14. This step-by-step coordinated procedure makes it possible for the crankshaft speed of combustion engine 10 to be adjusted with maximum exactness.

[0022]FIG. 3 shows in a block diagram additional details of arithmetic logic unit 62 for determining the optimal crankshaft speed of combustion engine 10. It becomes clear that signal 56 corresponding to the setpoint power is fed to a first optimizing element 68 and a second optimizing element 70. Also fed to first optimizing element 68 as a parameter is signal 46 corresponding to the instantaneous power capacity of combustion engine 10. By combining signals 56 and 46, optimizing element 68 supplies a signal 72 which corresponds to the optimal crankshaft speed of combustion engine 10 from the perspective of economy. Here signal 46 corresponding to the instantaneous power capacity of combustion engine 10 is evaluated, in particular in consideration of the maximum power of combustion engine 10 as a function of the crankshaft speed and the operating efficiency of combustion engine 10 and of electric motor 12, allowing for their known characteristic data. At the same time consideration is also given in particular to the instantaneous operating conditions, such as atmospheric air pressure, engine temperature and the like. By combining these parameters, it is possible to provide signal 72, which corresponds to the optimal crankshaft speed of combustion engine 10 for maximum economy of driving operation.

[0023] Signal 46 corresponding to the instantaneous power capacity of combustion engine 10 and signal 48 corresponding to the instantaneous power capacity of electric motors 12 are also fed to second optimizing element 70. Consideration is given here in each case to the maximum power of combustion engine 10 and the maximum power of electric motors 12 usable for propelling the vehicle, in each case dependent on the crankshaft speed of combustion engine 10 in consideration of the instantaneous operating conditions, such as atmospheric air pressure, engine temperature and the like. Furthermore, the maximum power of electric motors 12 usable for propelling the vehicle in consideration of the charge level of the vehicle battery and its service life is taken into account.

[0024] By processing signals 56, 46 and 48, optimizing element 70 provides a signal 74 that determines the optimal crankshaft speed of combustion engine 10 for power-oriented driving operation.

[0025] The optimal crankshaft speed of combustion engine 10 in consideration of economical driving operation (signal 72) and the optimal crankshaft speed in consideration of power-oriented driving operation of combustion engine 10 (signal 74) are fed to an arithmetic logic unit 72, which ultimately determines from the bandwidth of optimal crankshaft speeds specified by signals 72 and 74 the optimal crankshaft speed of combustion engine 10 for the setpoint operating state, as signal 64. Parameters considered here are signals 78, which take into account an instantaneous driving situation of the motor vehicle, such as acceleration, deceleration and the like, and/or a type of driver of the motor vehicle, such as a dynamic driver, cautious driver or the like. These signals 78 may be read out from instantaneous, possibly temporarily stored signals about the driving behavior of the motor vehicle over time.

[0026] To clarify the method according to the present invention, FIG. 4 shows a characteristics field, with power P of hybrid drive 100 being plotted in each case over rotational speed n of combustion engine 10. A first characteristic 80 corresponds to maximum power P_(max) of combustion engine 10. A second characteristic 82 corresponds to maximum power P_(max) of hybrid drive 100 in consideration of the maximum power of combustion engine 10 and the maximum powers of electric motors 12 depending on rotational speed n.

[0027] To determine the optimal crankshaft speed of combustion engine 10, the following procedure is used:

[0028] 1. A control line a is determined which connects the points of minimum fuel consumption of the characteristics field of combustion engine 10 for each power P.

[0029] 2. A control line D is determined, for which the dynamic power reserve at each point takes a defined value in reference to maximum power P_(max) of combustion engine 10. This defined value may be stipulated by a constant quotient ΔP/ΔP_(max). Here ΔP is the dynamic power reserve at the observed operating state and ΔP_(max) is the maximum possible power reserve at setpoint power P_(setpoint) of the observed operating state.

[0030] 3. A control line β′ is determined, for which the dynamic power reserve in reference to maximum power P_(max82) corresponds to the power reserve of control line β. In a preferred embodiment, control line β′ is determined so that it does not exceed the curve of maximum power P_(max80) of combustion engine 10.

[0031] 4. Optimal crankshaft speed n_(A) of combustion engine 10 for economical driving operation is determined. This corresponds to signal 72 (FIG. 3). This optimal rotational speed n_(A) is determined by the intersection of the straight line corresponding to setpoint power P_(setpoint) with control line α.

[0032] 5. Optimal crankshaft speed n_(B) of combustion engine 10 for power-oriented driving operation without consideration of the capacity of electric motor 12 is determined. This is done by taking the intersection of the straight line corresponding to setpoint power P_(setpoint) with control line β.

[0033] 6. Optimal crankshaft speed n_(B), of combustion engine 10 for power-oriented driving operation with consideration of the capacity of electric motors 12 (corresponding to signal 74 in FIG. 3) is determined. This is done in turn by taking the intersection of the straight line corresponding to setpoint power P_(setpoint) with control line β′.

[0034] Next, the optimal crankshaft speed (signal 64) of combustion engine 10 is determined by arithmetic logic unit 76 from rotational speeds n_(A), n_(B), and n_(B′) as a function of signal 78 corresponding to the driving situation and the type of driver. This may be done in particular by interpolation.

[0035] The explanations so far have applied to a parallel hybrid drive 100. In power branching hybrid drives 100, the power of combustion engine 10 is transmitted electromechanically. This means that both a mechanical and an electrical power path are implemented, through which the vehicle is propelled. The electrical power path is implemented here by at least two electric motors 12, which are positioned in an appropriate manner in the drive train of the motor vehicle. The coupling between the mechanical power path and the electrical power path is accomplished in a known manner via at least one planetary gear that allows a division of power between the mechanical and electrical power paths. The rotational speeds of the electric motors are determined here by the vehicle speed and a chosen transmission ratio of combustion engine 10 to the drive train. The torques are subject to the requirement that the torque of combustion engine 10 must be transmitted to the drive train. As long as electric motors 12 are not operated at their power limit, power ratio VE of the electric motors to each other is available as an additional control variable. The input torque of the hybrid drive may be set using these variables.

[0036]FIG. 5 shows characteristic curves in which power P is plotted over power ratio VE. A characteristic curve corresponding to the output power of the hybrid drive is recorded as 84. A characteristic curve 86 corresponds to the net power of electric motors 12 as a function of power ratio VE. The power branching hybrid drive works preferentially at a power ratio VE=−1. The net power (characteristic 86) of electric motors 12, which corresponds to the necessary battery power, equals zero in this case. The hybrid drive is able to maintain this operating state permanently.

[0037] Short-term increases in the power demands may be compensated for in certain operating states by varying power ratio VE of electric motors 12. The necessary additional power is taken then from the vehicle battery. The driving behavior of the motor vehicle in this case is comparable to that of a parallel hybrid drive. Thus it is possible to set the setpoint operating state in accordance with the method explained on the basis of parallel hybrid drive 100.

[0038] If a significant increase in the output power through a change in power ratio VE is not possible, the driving behavior is comparable to a vehicle propelled only by a combustion engine. In this case a higher dynamic power reserve must be maintained.

[0039] This results in the following procedure:

[0040] 1. The operating points are determined at which an increase in the output power of the hybrid drive is possible for a short period by changing power ratio VE of electric motor 12.

[0041] 2. Depending on operating parameters such as the vehicle speed, the power setpoint by a driver of the vehicle, battery state and power demand of the ancillary components of the vehicle, an appropriate operating state is selected. The power reserve is kept as small as possible, in order to implement an operating state of combustion engine 10 that provides favorable fuel consumption.

[0042] 3. If an operating point that achieves this favorable operating state is not found, the system falls back on a default operating point selection for operation with only the combustion engine. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for setting a setpoint operating state of a hybrid drive of a vehicle, where the hybrid drive includes, as drive motors, an internal combustion engine and at least one electric motor, and the output shafts of the drive motors are mechanically linkable to a drive train of the vehicle, wherein, an optimal crankshaft speed (signal 64) of the combustion engine (10) is determined as a function of the instantaneous power demand (signal 38) on the drive motors (10, 12) of the hybrid drive (100) and the instantaneous power capacity (signals 46 and 48) of the drive motors (10, 12) of the hybrid drive (100), and this crankshaft speed (signal 64) is set by controlling the drive motors (10, 12) of the hybrid drive in a coordinate manner (100) while maintaining the instantaneous power demands.
 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the instantaneous power capacity of a vehicle electrical system (28) supplying the electric motors (12) is taken into account in the instantaneous power capacity of the electric motors (12).
 3. The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the optimal crankshaft speed (signal 64) is selected from a rotational speed range which lies between an optimal rotational speed for economical driving operation (signal 72) and an optimal rotational speed for power-oriented driving operation (signal 74).
 4. The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the power capacity of the combustion engine (10) (signal 46) and a setpoint power (signal 56) of the hybrid drive (100) are taken into account in determining the optimal crankshaft speed for economical driving operation (signal 72).
 5. The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the power capacity of the combustion engine (10) (signal 46), the power capacity of the electric motors (12) (signal 48), and the setpoint power (signal 56) of the hybrid drive (100) are taken into account in determining the optimal crankshaft speed for power-oriented driving operation (signal 74).
 6. The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the maximum power of the combustion engine (10) as a function of the crankshaft speed is taken into account in the power capacity of the combustion engine (10) (signal 46).
 7. The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the maximum power of the electric motors usable for propulsion of the vehicle as a function of the crankshaft speed is taken into account in the power capacity of the electric motors (12) (signal 48).
 8. The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein current operating conditions of the hybrid drive (100), such as atmospheric air pressure, engine temperature, or the like, are taken into account.
 9. The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein a charge level and a service life of a motor vehicle battery of the vehicle electrical system (28) are taken into account for the maximum power of the electric motors (12) usable for propulsion of the vehicle.
 10. The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein a momentary driving situation of the vehicle and/or a type of driver of the vehicle (signal 78) are taken into account in determining the optimal crankshaft speed (signal 64). 